Senegal’s oil and gas sector has evolved dramatically over the last few decades, propelling the country onto the global energy stage. Located at the crossroads between West Africa and the rest of the world, Senegal enjoys a strategic geographical position that facilitates the exploitation and export of its natural resources. This introduction aims to lay the foundations for understanding the complex dynamics of this industry, highlighting its economic, geopolitical and environmental importance.The oil and gas industry is crucial to Senegal’s economic development. Significant discoveries of offshore deposits in recent years have opened up new prospects for the country. These resources represent not only a substantial source of revenue for the government, but also an opportunity to transform the Senegalese economy by diversifying its sources of income beyond traditional agriculture and fishing.