Since the 1980s, archaeology has become one of the most important sciences in the everyday life of society, bringing vanished societies back to the present. It offers a wealth of techniques and methods for uncovering the remains of buried or forgotten monuments. This book presents a few notions that could help young researchers in this field of archaeosciences. Thanks to archaeological and prehistoric research in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, China and many other parts of the world, today’s man has an idea of his origins, what he was, what he is and what he could be. Despite the scientific battle that persists between universalists and Africanists over the validation of previous research, this discipline has the major concern of universally reconciling its approaches, procedures and techniques, notwithstanding the context of furniture and archaeological sites, which present themselves differently.